# Amazon EC2 Instance Monitoring

## Amazon EC2 Instance - Overview

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a scalable cloud computing service that provides resizable compute capacity, enabling users to run applications on virtual servers in the AWS cloud. EC2 offers flexibility in choosing instance types, operating systems, and configurations to match workload requirements.

Monitoring Amazon EC2 instances is critical for ensuring optimal performance, availability, and cost efficiency. Applications Manager’s EC2 monitoring tool delivers real-time insights into instance health, resource utilization, network traffic, and disk I/O. With detailed performance metrics, proactive alerts, and capacity planning features, the tool helps prevent downtime, optimize resource usage, and maintain consistent application performance.

## Creating a new Amazon EC2 Instance monitor

To learn how to create a new Amazon EC2 Instance monitor, [refer here](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/aws-monitoring-tools.html#NewMonitor).

## Monitored Parameters

The Amazon EC2 instances are monitored based on the parameters or attributes listed below. These attributes provide information about the functioning of the EC2 instances. You can also configure thresholds for the numerical attributes based on these details and get notified when the thresholds are violated.

Go to the **Monitors Category View** by clicking the **Monitors** tab. Click on the **EC2 Instance** of **Amazon monitors** under the **Cloud Apps** Table. Displayed is the Amazon EC2 bulk configuration view distributed into three tabs:

- **Availability tab** displays the Availability history for the past 24 hours or 30 days.
- **Performance tab** displays the Health Status and key performance indicators of an EC2 instance such as CPU Utilization, Volume Idle Time, Network In and Network Out along with the heat charts for these attributes for the past 24 hours or 30 days.
- **List view** displays all the EC2 instances present in the Amazon account along with an overall idea of their availability and health status. In this tab, you can also perform [bulk admin configurations](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/bulk-config.html).

Below is an explanation of the metrics shown in the following tabs:

- [Performance Overview](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#overview)
- [OS Level Metrics](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#OSLevelMetrics)
  - [Linux](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#OS_Level_Metrics_Linux)
  - [Windows](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#OS_Level_Metrics_Windows)
- [Attached Volumes](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#AttachedVolumes)
- [Network](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#Network)
- [Configuration](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/amazon-ec2.html#Configuration)

**Note:** The metrics marked with an * are collected using **Amazon Cloudwatch**.

### Performance Overview

This tab provides a high-level overview of the EC2 instance as well as its performance indicators.

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| **Status Check Information** |  |
| Overall Instance Health | Indicates whether the instance has passed both the instance reachability and system reachability checks.<br><br>**Possible values:** PASSED \| FAILED |
| Instance Status Check | Indicates whether the instance has passed the instance reachability check.<br><br>**Possible values:** PASSED \| FAILED |
| System Status Check | Indicates whether the instance has passed the system reachability check.<br><br>**Possible values:** PASSED \| FAILED. |
| Attached EBS Volume Status Check | Indicates if attached EBS volumes are reachable and completing I/O operations. Available only for Nitro instances with EBS volumes. |
| **CPU UTILIZATION** |  |
| CPU Utilization | The percentage of total CPU Utilization of the instance. |
| **NETWORK TRAFFIC** |  |
| Network IN | Total incoming network traffic during the poll interval (in Bytes/Min) |
| Network Out | Total outgoing network traffic during the poll interval (in Bytes/Min) |
| **DISK I/O** |  |
| Disk Read Ops | Total number of disk read operations during the poll interval (in Ops/minute) |
| Disk Write Ops | Total number of disk write operations during the poll interval (in Ops/minute) |
| **Network Packets Throughput** |  |
| Rate of Network Packets Received | Total number of packets received per minute across all interfaces during the poll interval (in packets/min). |
| Network Packets Received | Total number of packets received across all interfaces during the poll interval (in packets). |
| Rate of Network Packets Sent | Total number of packets sent per minute across all interfaces during the poll interval (in packets/min). |
| Network Packets Sent | Total number of packets sent across all interfaces during the poll interval (in packets). |
| **Disk Throughput** |  |
| Rate of Disk Data Read | The total amount of data read per minute from all instance store volumes available to the instance between the poll interval (in MB/min). |
| Disk Data Read | The total amount of data read from all instance store volumes available to the instance between the poll interval (in MB). |
| Rate of Disk Data Written | The total amount of data written per minute to all instance store volumes available to the instance between the poll interval (in MB/min). |
| Disk Data Written | The total amount of data written to all instance store volumes available to the instance between the poll interval (in MB). |
| **CPU CREDIT BALANCE & USAGE** |  |
| 'CPU Credit Balance & Usage' graph metrics are reported only for burstable EC2 instances. 'CPU Surplus Credit Balance & Charges' graph metrics are reported only for burstable instances in Unlimited mode. For instances in Standard mode, these metrics are always reported as zero. |  |
| CPU Credit Balance | The minimum number of CPU credits available for bursting at the time of polling. |
| CPU Credit Usage | The total amount of CPU credits consumed for bursting between the poll interval. |
| **CPU SURPLUS CREDIT BALANCE & CHARGES** |  |
| CPU Surplus Credit Balance | The minimum surplus CPU credits available for bursting in Unlimited mode at the time of polling. |
| CPU Surplus Credits Charged | The total amount of surplus CPU credits charged beyond earned credits in Unlimited mode between the poll intervals. |
| **IMDS V1 TOKEN REQUESTS** |  |
| 'IMDS V1 No-Token Requests' metrics are reported only for Xen-based EC2 instances when IMDSv1 calls are made or rejected. These metrics may appear as zero or be unavailable if all metadata access uses IMDSv2 or if IMDSv1 is disabled. |  |
| Metadata No Token Rejected Requests | Number of times the Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) was accessed without a token between the poll interval. |
| Metadata No Token Requests | Number of IMDSv1 calls attempted after IMDSv1 was disabled between the poll interval. |

### OS-level Metrics

To collect operating system-level metrics like Memory and Disk, [you must deploy the **Cloud-Watch Agent** inside EC2 instance](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/configuring-cloud-watch-agent.html). The agent will send your data to CloudWatch, from where Applications Manager fetches and displays it in the console. Click [here](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/monitoring/Install-CloudWatch-Agent.html) to learn more about how you can collect metrics from Amazon EC2 instances and on-premises servers with the CloudWatch Agent.

**Note:** Fetching OS-level metrics via the CloudWatch agent is supported from build 13740 of Applications Manager.

#### Linux

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| **MEMORY STATISTICS** |  |
| Available Memory | The memory available for use by the EC2 instance (in GB). |
| Used Memory | The memory currently in use (in GB). |
| **MEMORY UTILIZATION** |  |
| Memory Utilization | The memory used on an instance (in %). |
| Swap Utilization | The disk swap utilization (in %). |
| **DISK SPACE DETAILS** |  |
| Disk Name | Name of the disk. |
| Total Disk Space | Indicates the available and used disk space of the disk. |
| Total Size | Total size of the disk (in GB). |
| Disk Utilization | The percentage of disk space used on an instance. |
| Disk Available | The total amount of disk space available on an instance (in GB). |
| Disk Used | The total amount of disk space used by an instance (in GB). |

#### Windows

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| **AVAILABLE MEMORY** |  |
| Available Memory | The memory available for use of the EC2 instance (in GB). |
| **% COMMITTED BYTES IN USE** |  |
| % Committed Bytes In Use | The percentage of memory in use for which space has been reserved in the paging file, should it need to be written to disk. |
| **Disk Utilization** - Displays a graphical representation of disk usage plotted by Disk Name against its corresponding Disk Utilization (in %). |  |
| **Disk Space Details** |  |
| Disk Name | Name of the disk. |
| Total Disk Space | Indicates the available and used disk space of the disk. |
| Total Size | Total size of the disk (in GB). |
| Disk Utilization | The percentage of disk space used on an instance. |
| Disk Available | The total amount of disk space available on an instance (in GB). |
| Disk Used | The total amount of disk space used by an instance (in GB). |

### Attached Volumes

This tab provides metrics about the EBS volumes attached to the EC2 instance.

**Note:** The below EBS metrics are available only for Amazon EBS volumes attached to Nitro-based EC2 instances. For instances not built on the Nitro System, some metrics may not be reported or may have incomplete data. You can find the list of Nitro instance types [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ec2/latest/instancetypes/ec2-nitro-instances.html).

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| **Configuration** |  |
| Volume ID | The ID of the Amazon EBS volume. The volume and instance must be within the same Availability Zone, and the instance must be running. |
| Size | The size of the volume in gigabytes. |
| SSnapshotID | Snapshot from which the volume was created. |
| Created Time | Timestamp when volume creation was initiated. |
| Attached Time | Time stamp when the attachment was initiated. |
| Delete on Termination | Specifies whether the Amazon EBS volume is deleted on instance termination. |
| **Volume vs Idle Time** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Idle Time (in %). |  |
| **Volume vs Write Latency** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Write Latency (in ms/operation). |  |
| **Volume vs Read Latency** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Read Latency (in ms/operation). |  |
| **Latency** |  |
| Volume ID | The ID of the Amazon EBS volume. The volume and instance must be within the same Availability Zone an, and the instance must be running. |
| Idle Time * | The time period when no read or write operations were waiting to be completed in percentage (in %). |
| Write Latency * | The average milliseconds spent per write operation that was completed between the poll interval (in ms/operation). |
| Read Latency * | The average milliseconds spent per read operation that was completed between the poll interval (in ms/operation). |
| **Volume vs Read Bandwidth** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Read Bandwidth (in bytes/s). |  |
| **Volume vs Write Bandwidth** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Write Bandwidth (in bytes/s). |  |
| **Volume Traffic** |  |
| Volume ID | The ID of the Amazon EBS volume. The volume and instance must be within the same Availability Zone, and the instance must be running. |
| Read Bandwidth * | The total amount of data read from the attached volume during the poll interval (in bytes/s). |
| Write Bandwidth * | The total amount of data written to the attached volume during the poll interval (in bytes/s). |
| **Volume vs Read Throughput** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Read Throughput (in operations/s). |  |
| **Volume vs Write Throughput** - Displays a graphical representation of attached volumes plotted by Volume ID against their corresponding Write Throughput (in operations/s). |  |
| **Volume IO** |  |
| Volume ID | The ID of the Amazon EBS volume. The volume and instance must be within the same Availability Zone, and the instance must be running. |
| Read Throughput * | The total number of read operations per second between the poll intervals (in operations/s). |
| Write Throughput * | The total number of write operations per second between the poll intervals (in operations/s). |
| Queue Length * | The average number of read and write operation requests waiting to be completed over the period. |
| **EBS Metrics (Nitro-based Instances)** |  |
| The following metrics are available only for Amazon EBS volumes attached to Nitro-based EC2 instances. For non-Nitro instances, some metrics may not be reported or may show incomplete data. |  |
| **EBS I/O Burst Credit Metrics** |  |
| EBS I/O Burst Credit Balance | Minimum percentage of I/O burst credits remaining in the burst bucket at the time of polling (in %). |
| **EBS Throughput Burst Credit Metrics** |  |
| EBS Throughput Burst Credit Balance | Minimum percentage of throughput burst credits remaining in the burst bucket at the time of polling (in %). |
| **EBS Operations** |  |
| EBS Read Operations | Total number of completed read operations per second from all Amazon EBS volumes between the poll interval (in operations/s). |
| EBS Write Operations | Total number of completed write operations per second to all Amazon EBS volumes between the poll interval (in operations/s). |
| **EBS Volume Throughput** |  |
| Rate of EBS Data Read | Total amount of data read per minute from all attached EBS volumes between the poll interval (in MB/min). |
| EBS Data Read | Total amount of data read from all attached EBS volumes between the poll interval (in MB). |
| Rate of EBS Data Written | Total amount of data written per minute to all attached EBS volumes between the poll interval (in MB/min). |
| EBS Data Written | Total amount of data written to all attached EBS volumes between the poll interval (in MB). |

### Network

**Note:**

- The metrics in this tab are collected using the CloudWatch agent installed on the EC2 instance. For more information on configuring the CloudWatch agent, refer to [Configuring CloudWatch Agent](https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/help/configuring-cloud-watch-agent.html). This tab is supported from Applications Manager v181900.
- Network Interface Throttling is available on Nitro-based instances only.
- Metrics marked with * are supported only in Linux OS.

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| **TCP CONNECTIONS** |  |
| TCP Established | The total number of TCP connections in the ESTABLISHED state between the poll intervals. |
| TCP Listen | The total number of TCP connections in the LISTEN state between the polintervalsal. |
| TCP SYN Sent | The total number of TCP connections in the SYN_SENT state between the poll intervals. |
| TCP Time Wait * | The total number of TCP connections in the TIME_WAIT state between the poll intervals. |
| TCP Close Wait * | The total number of TCP connections in the CLOSE_WAIT state between the polling intervals. |
| **UDP CONNECTIONS** |  |
| UDP Sockets Used | The total number of UDP sockets in use between the poll intervals. |
| **NETWORK INTERFACE PERFORMANCE** |  |
| Interface Name | The name of the network interface. |
| Data Received | The rate of data received on the network interface between the poll intervals (in MB/s). |
| Data Transmitted | The rate of data transmitted on the network interface between the polling intervals (in MB/s). |
| Packets Received | The rate of packets received on the network interface between the poll intervals (in packets/s). |
| Packets Transmitted | The rate of packets transmitted on the network interface between the poll intervals (in packets/s). |
| Received Errors | The total number of inbound errors on the network interface between poll interval. |
| Transmitted Errors | The total number of outbound errors on the network interface between poll intervals. |
| Received Packet Drops | The total number of inbound packets dropped on the network interface between poll interval. |
| Transmitted Packet Drops | The total number of outbound packets dropped on the network interface between the poll interval. |
| **NETWORK INTERFACE THROTTLING** |  |
| Interface Name | The name of the network interface. |
| Inbound Bandwidth Throttles | The total number of packets queued or dropped due to inbound bandwidth allowance being exceeded between poll intervals. |
| Outbound Bandwidth Throttles | The total number of packets queued or dropped due to outbound bandwidth allowance being exceeded between poll intervals. |
| Connection Tracking Available Capacity | The number of tracked connections available before reaching the connection tracking limit. |
| Connection Tracking Violations | The total number of packets dropped due to connection tracking allowance exceeded between the poll intervals. |
| Link-Local Traffic Throttles | The total number of packets queued or dropped due to the link-local service packet rate allowance being exceeded between poll intervals. |
| Packet Rate Throttles | The total number of packets queued or dropped due to packets-per-second (PPS) allowance being exceeded between poll intervals. |
| **PERFORMANCE CHARTS** |  |
| Top 5 Interfaces - Received Errors | This chart shows the top 5 network interfaces by received errors count. |
| Top 5 Interfaces - Transmitted Errors | This chart shows the top 5 network interfaces by transmitted error count. |
| Top 5 Interfaces - Inbound Bandwidth Throttles | This chart shows the top 5 network interfaces by inbound bandwidth throttle count. |
| Top 5 Interfaces - Outbound Bandwidth Throttles | This chart shows the top 5 network interfaces by outbound bandwidth throttle count. |

### Configuration

This tab provides the configuration details of the EC2 instance.

| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Instance ID | The unique key that identifies the EC2 instance. |
| Instance Type | Indicates the type of the instance. |
| Instance Launch Time | The time at which the instance was launched |
| State | The current state of the instance. The values include running, stopped, shutdown, and terminated |
| Image ID | Image ID of the AMI used to launch the instance. |
| AMI Launch Index | The AMI launch index, which can be used to find this instance within the launch group. |
| Public DNS Name | The public DNS name assigned to the instance. This DNS name is contactable from outside the Amazon EC2 network. |
| Private DNS Name | The private DNS name assigned to the instance. This DNS name can only be used inside the Amazon EC2 network. |
| Public IP Address | The IP address of the instance. |
| Private IP Address | The private IP address assigned to the instance. |
| KeyPair Name | The name of the key pair, if this instance was launched with an associated key pair. |
| Platform | Indicates the platform of the instance (eg: Windows) |
| Availability Zone | The instance's availability zone. |
| Architecture | The architecture of the image. |
| RAM Disk ID | RAM disk associated with this instance. |
| Kernel ID | Kernel associated with this instance. |
| Root Device Type | The root device type used by the AMI. The AMI can use an Amazon EBS or instance store root device. |
| Root Device Name | The name of the root device used by the AMI. |
| Monitoring | Indicates whether monitoring is enabled for the instance. |
| Termination Protection | Indicates whether the instance can be terminated through the Amazon EC2 console, CLI, or API. If enabled, the instance cannot be terminated. (Requires *ec2:describeInstanceAttribute* API permission) |
| Name | The name of the EC2 Instance. |