CVE-2025-54887

Description

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

Risk Information

Base Score

9.1

MODERATE

Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS Score

Exploitation Probability

0.01

Associated Vulnerability

Vulnerability	OS Platform
Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-54887 are fixed in Ruby-jwe 1.1.1	Windows
Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-54887 are fixed in Ruby-jwe for Linux 1.1.1	Linux

Patch Details

No records found

References

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1234
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-1234