A drive-by download is a stealthy cyberattack where malicious software silently installs on a device without the user's knowledge or consent, triggered simply by visiting a compromised website or viewing an infected advertisement.
Attackers exploit unpatched vulnerabilities in web browsers, plugins, or operating systems by injecting malicious scripts into legitimate websites or hidden advertisements, triggering automatic malware downloads the moment a page loads.
Drive-by downloads silently compromise systems, installing ransomware, trojans, spyware, or credential stealers that enable data theft, system hijacking, prolonged unauthorized access, or recruitment of infected devices into criminal botnets.
In early 2025, the APT44 threat group weaponized software installers and compromised web portals to distribute DARKCRYSTALRAT malware through opportunistic drive-by downloads, silently infecting systems during routine browsing sessions.
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