Network performance monitoring (NPM) is the function within network monitoring that focuses on ensuring the entire network operates at ideal speed, latency, packet loss, throughput, and related metrics - the mission here being to keep the network on par with the demands of everyday business operations: dependable and consistent in service quality, with the ability to bounce back from inevitable bottlenecks through quick turnaround times (rapid RCA and troubleshooting).
What causes poor network performance
Outdated infrastructure: Hardware including switches, routers, cabling, and other components, needs maintenance and updates. An aging infrastructure can contribute to network slowness.
High traffic volumes: The demands of modern business operations can overwhelm the infrastructure. Video conferences, large file transfers, or backup operations can eat into the available bandwidth, again resulting in network slowness.
Misconfigured devices: Wrongly configured switches, firewalls, routers, or QoS policies can impact network connectivity, cause routing problems and device failures.
Poor physical connectivity: The state of physical connectors - like cabling - can also impact the network performance, causing loss of signal and unpredictable network drops.
Bandwidth-hogging applications: Lack of visibility or management of bandwidth allocation sometimes means non-essential or unauthorized applications will take up higher bandwidth, affecting business-critical applications' performance.
Poor network performance has direct impact on business operations
Video calls drop or have poor quality
Accessing the cloud, file transfers; all become time-consuming actions
Productivity hit due to erratic uptime
Reduced customer satisfaction and stickiness due to poor digital experience
When do organizations turn to network performance monitoring?
An organization functioning with little or no formal network monitoring practice in place in the modern era is rare and definitely not recommended by industry experts. Without network monitoring, you’re flying blind - unaware of vulnerabilities, inefficiencies, and network bottlenecks - only to be alerted by end users or disrupted business operations.
Organizations operating without any form of network monitoring are impossible to imagine in an era where size and scale, compliance and regulations, and cybersecurity-driven complexities and compulsions are higher than ever.
Network “performance” monitoring takes center stage when the question goes beyond “Is it up?”- bringing a deeper focus on metrics like latency, speed, reliability, and end-user experience. Scale (including hybrid cloud environments) can introduce blind spots, SLAs might demand a certain level of speed and performance as an outcome, and even from a security standpoint, declining performance can signal a potential threat. These are all reasons why organizations choose to implement stronger network performance monitoring capabilities.
Investing in strong network performance monitoring capabilities always pays off - here's how
User experience and productivity: The network powers the organization’s business operations, and the benefits are on two frontiers; employees and customers. Employees can focus on their daily objectives and solving problems, while customers can enjoy a frictionless experience when availing the organization’s services.
Reduced downtime and operational costs: Organizations of varying size and scale have ongoing operational cost budgets, with the goal of staying within them, even while accounting for contingencies. Downtime can cause operational costs to skyrocket in a short period. An efficient network performance monitoring practice helps prevent this.
Improved security through early threat detection: Abnormal traffic patterns, erroneous configuration changes, unrecognized devices are detected early, reducing the mean time to detect (MTTD). Faster detection leaves a smaller window for an attacker to exploit any vulnerability. In the event of a detection, a streamlined incident response can further bring down mean time to resolve (MTTR) as well.
Compliance with service level agreements (SLAs) and industry regulations: Organizations have uptime, latency, and reliability benchmarks promised as part of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Network performance monitoring, specifically tracking packet loss, bandwidth, and application response times, ensures there’s verifiable proof that performance levels are met. From a regulatory standpoint, whether it’s ISO 27001, PCI DSS, HIPAA, telecom-specific mandates, or other frameworks- there’s often a requirement to demonstrate control over network availability, data integrity, and security. Logs, reports, and alerts are critical for proving compliance.
Real-time monitoring and alerting capabilities are essential for quick identification and addressing network issues before they turn critical.
Data collection and visibility: Continuous tracking using SNMP queries, packet analysis, and flow data with the aim of understanding the state of device health, bandwidth usage, latency - thereby unlocking deeper visibility and clarity.
Automated alerts: Alerts - and alerts that aren't noise but bring clarity- are absolutely the need of the hour in network monitoring, enabling IT teams to be in swift action resolving issues (reduced MTTD and MTTR).
Dashboards and reporting: Varied options of network visualizations - map view, rack view, topology view, and so on - simplify what is otherwise a complex layer of links that form the network. This enables faster coordination between multiple teams thanks to the ease of interpreting and identifying. Strong reporting capabilities should also be in place, as they empower drill-down to critical numbers and are pivotal for decision-making.
What are the benefits of NPM tools
Early detection of problems, reducing downtime
Faster responsiveness to incidents
More precision in capacity planning and resource allocation
Detection of anomalous traffic patterns (security)
Implement comprehensive network performance monitoring with OpManager
OpManager is the ideal, comprehensive tool to implement the robust network performance monitoring practice your organization needs. It moves beyond simply asking "Is the network up?" to answer the critical questions of performance, reliability, and user experience from a single console.
Providing deep visibility and data collection: Leverages SNMP, WMI, and CLI protocols to continuously monitor the health and performance of your network devices, including routers, switches, firewalls, and servers. By analyzing flow data leveraging its NetFlow Analyzer add-on, OpManager can pinpoint exactly which applications and users are consuming the most bandwidth, directly addressing the issue of bandwidth-hogging applications causing network slowdowns.
Intelligent and automated alerting: Multi-level, threshold-based alerting engine ensures you receive meaningful notifications for performance deviations. This capability is crucial for reducing Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) and Mean Time to Resolve (MTTR), allowing your IT teams to address issues like high latency or packet loss before they impact business operations and breach SLAs.
Simplify complexities with powerful visualizations: OpManager translates complex network data into easy-to-understand, customizable dashboards and reports. Layer 2 network maps, business views, and automated reporting provide verifiable proof of performance for SLA compliance and help teams quickly diagnose problems related to misconfigurations or physical connectivity.
The comprehensive oversight not only reduces costly downtime and boosts user productivity but also strengthens your security posture by detecting anomalous traffic patterns that could signal a threat. With OpManager, you can build a resilient network that is dependable, efficient, and aligned with your business objectives.
More on network performance monitoring
What’s the difference between network monitoring and network performance monitoring?
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Network monitoring checks availability/health (up/down, device status), while network performance monitoring focuses on user-impacting KPIs like latency, loss, jitter, throughput, and correlates telemetry (SNMP, flow, packets) to diagnose and optimize experience across hybrid environments.
Which data sources are most useful for NPM: SNMP, flow, or packet capture?
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SNMP gives device/interface health and counters (utilization, errors, discards), flow shows who/what/where traffic patterns and bandwidth use, and packet capture provides ground-truth for deep diagnostics; combining them delivers end-to-end visibility and faster root cause analysis.
How is NPM different from network observability?
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NPM tracks metrics and thresholds to detect deviations and performance issues; observability adds richer context, real-time tracing, and cross-source correlation to explain why systems behave a certain way, improving proactive detection and RCA when used alongside monitoring.
What metrics should NPM track to reflect real user experience?
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Prioritize latency (including tails like P95/P99), packet loss, jitter, DNS resolution time, TCP handshakes/retransmits, throughput/utilization, interface errors/discards, and correlate these with application/browser timings (e.g., TTFB, page load) for a complete view of perceived performance.